## TL;DR
AI for science is transforming discovery — AlphaFold 3 predicts all biomolecular structures, GNoME discovered 2.2 million new crystals, and AI-designed drugs enter clinical trials. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for AlphaFold signified mainstream recognition of AI-driven science.

## Core Explanation
Key applications: protein structure prediction (AlphaFold), materials discovery (GNoME/DeepMind — 380,000 stable materials), drug design (Isomorphic Labs — AI-designed molecules entering trials), mathematics (AlphaProof/AlphaGeometry — IMO silver medal), weather forecasting (GraphCast — 10-day forecasts in <1 minute), and genomics (Enformer, ESM — predicting variant effects).

## Detailed Analysis
AlphaFold 3's diffusion approach: input raw atom positions → add noise → train model to denoise → generate 3D structures. Unlike AlphaFold 2 which predicted protein-only, version 3 handles all biomolecular complexes. Isomorphic Labs (DeepMind spinoff) is using this to accelerate drug discovery timelines from years to months.

## Further Reading
- Google DeepMind: AlphaFold
- Nature: AI for Science Collection
- Isomorphic Labs Blog