## TL;DR
Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking affecting judgment and decision making. Over 180 documented biases influence everything from medical diagnoses to investment choices.

## Core Explanation
Bias categories: information processing (anchoring, availability), belief formation (confirmation bias), social influence (bandwagon effect, groupthink), self-evaluation (overconfidence, self-serving bias).

## Detailed Analysis
Debiasing: premortem (imagine future failure), red teaming (designated challenger role), blind analysis, reference class forecasting (use base rates from similar past cases).

## Further Reading
- ClearerThinking.org (Spencer Greenberg)
- Center for Applied Rationality
- LessWrong Community Sequences