Pacific Ring of Fire: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plate Boundaries

Status: draft · Confidence: medium (0.625) · Basis: verified_sources

Quality notes: placeholder_content

## TL;DR

Pacific Ring of Fire: 40,000-km belt, 75% of active volcanoes (452), 90% of earthquakes including 81% of M≥8 events. Subduction zones generate magma arcs and megathrust earthquakes. 1960 Valdivia M9.5 largest ever.

## Core Explanation

Subduction: Pacific Plate beneath North American, Philippine Sea, Australian; Nazca beneath South American. Notable: Tambora 1815 (VEI 7, year without summer), Pinatubo 1991 (VEI 6, cooled Earth 0.5°C), Krakatoa 1883 (heard 4,800 km away). 2004 Sumatra M9.1 (228,000 killed), 2011 Tohoku M9.0 (Fukushima). PTWC established 1949.

## Detailed Analysis

[待后续补充。]

## Further Reading

- [Source 1 — Pacific Ring of Fire: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plate Boundaries](https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/)

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