{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "TechArticle",
  "@id": "https://anchorfact.org/kb/kb-2026-00181",
  "headline": "DNS (Domain Name System)",
  "description": "The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical, distributed database that translates human-readable domain names (e.g., `anchorfact.org`) into machine-readable IP addresses (e.g., `172.67.x.x`). Designed by Paul Mockapetris in 1983 (RFCs 882/883, superseded by RFCs 1034/1035 in 1987), DNS is one of the oldest Internet protocols still in active use and is a critical dependency for virtually every Internet application. A typical DNS resolution traverses: browser cache → OS cache (stub resolver) → recursive resolver (ISP/public) → root nameserver → TLD nameserver → authoritative nameserver, completing in typically 20-120 milliseconds. DNSSEC (RFCs 4033-4035, 2005) adds cryptographic signatures to prevent spoofing; DoH/DoT (RFCs 8484/7858, 2018) encrypt queries to prevent eavesdropping.",
  "dateCreated": "2026-05-22T14:59:47.561Z",
  "dateModified": "2026-05-22T14:59:47.561Z",
  "author": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "AnchorFact"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "AnchorFact",
    "url": "https://anchorfact.org"
  },
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "anchorfact:confidence": "high",
  "anchorfact:generationMethod": "human_only",
  "citation": []
}