## TL;DR

India's independence movement (1857-1947) ended British colonial rule. Gandhi's non-violent civil disobedience (Satyagraha) mobilized millions. Key events: Salt March (1930), Quit India Movement (1942), Partition (1947, India + Pakistan — 1-2 million dead, 15 million displaced). India became a republic (1950).

## Core Explanation

1857 Sepoy Mutiny: first major uprising. Indian National Congress founded 1885. Gandhi: returned from South Africa (1915), led non-cooperation movement (1920-22), Salt March (1930, 240 miles to sea to make salt illegally). Jinnah and Muslim League demanded Pakistan. WWII: British promised independence for support. Mountbatten Plan: partition with tragic consequences.

## Further Reading

- [India's Struggle for Independence (Bipan Chandra)](https://www.penguin.co.in/book/indias-struggle-for-independence/)