## TL;DR

The Maya civilization (2000 BCE - 1500s CE) in Central America developed the most sophisticated writing system in the pre-Columbian Americas, advanced mathematics (concept of zero!), accurate astronomical calendars, and monumental architecture (Chichen Itza, Tikal). Classic Period: 250-900 CE.

## Core Explanation

Achievements: concept of zero independently developed, accurate solar year (365.242 days), complex hieroglyphic writing (deciphered 1980s). Calendar: 260-day ritual + 365-day solar = 52-year Calendar Round. Long Count calendar: marked time from creation. Classic Maya collapse (~900 CE): likely multi-cause — overpopulation, drought, warfare, environmental degradation. Millions of Maya people survive today.

## Further Reading

- [The Maya (Michael D. Coe, 9th Ed)](https://thamesandhudson.com/the-maya-9780500291887)