## TL;DR

Modern art (~1860s-1970s) rejected traditional representational art in favor of experimentation. Movements: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism (Van Gogh, Cezanne), Cubism (Picasso, Braque), Surrealism (Dali, Magritte), Abstract Expressionism (Pollock, Rothko), Pop Art (Warhol), Minimalism. Each questioned what art could be.

## Core Explanation

Cubism (1907): shattered perspective — multiple viewpoints simultaneously (Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon). Duchamp's Fountain (1917): urinal as art — 'is anything art if an artist says it is?' Abstract Expressionism (1940s-50s, NY): action painting (Pollock drips), color field (Rothko rectangles). Warhol (1960s): Campbell's Soup Cans — art about consumer culture. 'Art is anything you can get away with' (Warhol).

## Further Reading

- [The Story of Modern Art (Norbert Lynton)](https://www.phaidon.com/store/art/the-story-of-modern-art-9780714831398/)