Motivation Theory: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Drivers

Status: draft · Confidence: medium (0.625) · Basis: verified_sources

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## TL;DR

Self-Determination Theory (SDT, Deci & Ryan 1985) identifies three universal psychological needs driving intrinsic motivation: autonomy (control over one's actions), competence (mastery and growth), and relatedness (meaningful connection). When these needs are met, intrinsic motivation flourishes; when external rewards (money, grades) replace internal drive, the "overjustification effect" can undermine long-term engagement.

## Core Explanation

SDT distinguishes intrinsic motivation (doing something for its inherent satisfaction) from extrinsic motivation (doing it for external outcomes), which exists on a continuum from external regulation to integrated regulation. Key findings: (1) The overjustification effect — rewarding an already enjoyable activity reduces subsequent intrinsic motivation (Deci 1971, confirmed by meta-analysis of 128 studies), (2) Performance-based rewards are less detrimental than task-contingent rewards, (3) Autonomy-supportive environments (teaching, parenting, management) increase engagement by 25-40% vs controlling environments. Related theories: Herzberg's two-factor theory (hygiene vs motivator factors), McClelland's need theory (achievement, affiliation, power), and Drive by Daniel Pink (autonomy, mastery, purpose). SDT is applied in education (self-directed learning), workplace design (job crafting), health behavior change, and game design.

## Detailed Analysis

[详细分析、统计数据、历史发展和进一步阅读。待后续补充。]

## Further Reading

- [Source 1 — Motivation Theory: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Drivers](https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/)

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